![]() ![]() Goodman, writing under the pseudonym "Harry Dweighter" ("harried waiter"). The pancake sorting problem was first posed by Jacob E. Chitturi (2011) proved that the complexity of transforming a compatible signed string into another with the minimum number of signed prefix reversals-the burnt pancake problem on strings-is NP-complete. gave an exact algorithm to sort binary and ternary strings. (2007) independently showed that the complexity of transforming a compatible string into another with the minimum number of prefix reversals is NP-complete. Chitturi and Sudborough (2010) and Hurkens et al. However, "strings" are sequences in which a symbol can repeat, and this repetition may reduce the number of prefix reversals required to sort. The discussion above presumes that each pancake is unique, that is, the sequence on which the prefix reversals are performed is a permutation. This version of the problem was first explored by Arka Roychowdhury. Several variants are possible: the rotis can be considered as single-sided or two-sided, and it may be forbidden or not to toast the same side twice. Initially, all rotis are stacked in one column, and the cook uses a spatula to flip the rotis so that each side of each roti touches the base fire at some point to toast. This is inspired from the way Indian bread ( roti or chapati) is cooked.
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